Motor operated by liquefied carbon dioxid.



G. BROUSSIJAU-I MOTOR OPERATED BY LIQUEFIED CARBON DIOXID.

ArPLIoATIoN FILED un. 1. 1901. l

No. 893,899. v PATENTED JULY 21, 1908.

F .3. O ,FL' (4..

. I c( t gewye Braas'ea zy O GEORGES BROUSSEAU, OF AGEN, FRANCE.

MOTOR OPERATED BY LIQUEFIED CARBON DIOXIID.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application sied March 1, 1907.

Patented July 2l, 1908.

Serial No. 360,007.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGES BRoUssEAU, citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Agen, in France, have invented new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Motors Operated by Liqueiied Carbon Dioxid, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in engines adapted to be operated by carbon dioxid and the novel features consist in imn proved means for admitting the carbon dioxid in pre-determined quantities and in other features which will be more fully described in connection with the accompanying drawings and more particularly pointed out and ascer tained in and by the appended claims.

In the drawings: lFigure 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of an engine embodying the main features of my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the same showing the parts in a changed position.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of means for supplying dryhot air to the engine. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a carbon dioxid absorber. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same. Fig. 6 is a view in side elevation, with parts in section, of a modified form of the invention. Fig. 7 is a horizontal detail section of a part of the engine shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail sectional view of means for admitting carbon dioxid. Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view of means for regulating the admission of air.

Like characters of reference designate similar parts throughout the different figures of the drawings.

As shown 18 designates a cylinder which is provided with a reciprocating piston 17 adapted to be connected with the crank shaft 15 by a pitman 16. Said cylinder is provided with means whereby hot air in a dry condition may be supplied preferably to the interior thereof and in the embodiment shown said means also serves to heat parts of the engine. Specifically said means consists of a pump 21, which may be mounted in any desirable manner, and which as shown is actuated from the crank-shaft 15 by means of a rod 23 and an eccentric 29. Said pump delivers heated air, by means of a pipe 94 to an air supply chamber 2O which convenientlysurrounds the cylinder 18 and forms a jacket to heat the same. Said pipe 94 is branched at 95 and delivers to a reserve air chamber 24 conveniently formed integral with the cylinder 18 and provided with an opening 25 delivering to said cylinder. The opening 25 is not provided with a closure and establishes communications at all times between the chamber 24 and the cylinder 18. During the expansion stroke of the engine and when the pressure of air exceeds that of the carbon dioxid air will be delivered to the cylinder 18 and will vmix with the carbon dioxid and by reason of its heat will increase the expansive energy of the latter. Said cylinder is provided with an exhaust port 26 having a valve 27 so disposed as to be normally seated by the internal pressure of the cylinder 18. A pipe 96 connects the exhaust port with a carbon dioxid absorber preferred construction of which is shown in detail in Figs. 4 and 5. Said absorber comprises a casing 53 provided with a plurality of trays or bafHes 54 in which is disposed any suitable material for absorbing the carbon dioxid from the exhaust. The valve 27 is connected by a rod 28 with an eccentric 29 on the crank-shaft 15.

A carbon dioxid chamber 30 Iis provided and may be secured to the cylinder 18 in any desirable manner. Said chamber 30 communicates with a source of supply of the carbon dioxid by means of a pipe 45 which is connected with a tank 46, a valve 47 being providedfor permanently cutting off the supply. A plug 43 provided with a relatively small duct 43a forms a union between a collar on the pipe 45 and an extension on the chamber 30 as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Said plug 43 is provided with a valve 44.

A valve chamber or chest 31, preferably axially disposed with respect to the cylinder 18, establishes communication between the latter and said chamber 30. Said valve chest 31 is provided with an axial bore provided with a receiving chamber 33 and a delivering chamber 34 which chambers are spaced apart from each other a distance having a certain relation with respect to the valve 35 which will now be described in detail. Said valve 35 as shown comprises a stem 35a provided with receiving chamber and delivery chamber controlling portions 35b and 35C respectively which are relatively enlarged with respect to the stem 35a. The portions 35b and 35c are spaced apart from each other a distance slightly in excess of the distance between the chambers 33 and 34 for a purpose which will herein after more fully appear. The length of the engaging portion of the valve chest 31 from the chamber 33.

outwardly is so proportioned that when the valve is in an extreme admission position carbon dioxid will be admitted to the chainber 33. The bore of the valve chest 31 is approximately the size of the portions 35b and 35C so as to form a supporting bearing for the valve. An extension 35b forms a guide and support for the outer end of the valve stem 35l and there is interposed between the end of said extension and a stop 37 a spring 36 tending to normally throw the valve in the forward position shown in Fig. 2. A closure 38 co-acts with inclined walls on the valve chest 31 and also forms a stop limiting movement of the valve toward the cylinder, said closure also preventing admission of carbon dioxid to the chamber 33 when the valve is in the position shown in Fig. 2. A valve operating member, preferably disposed upon the piston 17, consists of a projection 4() adapted to engage the outer end of portion 35C as clearly shown in Fig. 1.

In order to maintain the carbon dioxid in the chamber 30 at the required temperature a connection 96 is provided between the delivery end of the pump 21 and a jacket 40 surrounding the chamber 31 and providing an air space 41 into which the hot air from the pump is delivered. Should the temperature in 41. become too high means are provided for lowering and as shown said means consists of a pipe 97 provided with a valve and adapted to establish communication between the acket 40 and the chamber 30.

The means for affording a supply of hot, and preferably, dry air consists as shown of a casing 51 provided with a burner 52 and a coil 50. Said coil 50 communicates with the outer air at 50 and at its opposite end with a casing 49 provided with suitable hygroscopic material indicated at 49 serving to absorb the moisture from the air passing through coil 50. A pipe 48 extends into the casing 51 and is connected with the casing 49 and the hygroscopic material is interposed between the points of connection of the pipe 49 on the coil 50. The casing 51 is provided with openings to permit of sufficient air passage to afford efficient action of the burner. Said pipe 48 is connected with the in-take end of the pump 21.

Assuming that the piston 17 is in the position shown in Fig. 2 the momentum of the Hy-wheel will carry it rearwardly until the valve operating member 40 engages the valve 35 and such engagement will force the latter into the position shown in Fig. 1 causing the portion 35c to establish or open communication between the delivery valve chamber 34 and the cylinder 18 thereby allowing the carbon dioxid retained in said chamber 34 to enter the cylinder 18. The expanding fluid forces the piston 17 forwardly to the position shown in Fig. 2. The pump 21 is so timed with respect to the operation of the piston 17 as to effect its delivery stroke during the expansive action of the motive fluid or in other words during the forward reciprocation of the piston. Thus the heated air is forced through opening 25 into the cylinder 18 and mingles with the motive fluid for the purpose of increasing its expansive efhciency. During the rear-ward stroke of the piston 17 the pump is drawing in hot air from the coil 50 but is not delivering the same to the cylinder 18 and therefore no resistance is offered to the piston 17 during its rear-wardreciprocation. When the piston 17 reaches the position shown in Fig. 2 the valve 27 will open and the exhaust fluid will pass through pipe 96 to the absorber wherein the absorbent material will retain whatever carbon dioxid remains in the exhaust gas so that it can be recovered and re-used. It has been stated that the forward stroke of the piston 17 was effected by the motive fluid delivered to the cylinder 18 from the chamber 34 and l will now describe the complete operation of the valve 35 so that it will be understood how the chamber 34 is supplied.

Starting with the parts in the position shown in Fig. 1 it will be seen that the spring 36 forces the valve 35 forwardly following the forward movement of the piston 17. During this forward movement of the valve the receiving chamber 33 will be momentarily connected with chamber 34 by reason of the fact that the distance between portions 35b and 35C slightly exceeds the distance between the chambers 33 and 34 and thus the motive fluid retained in the chamber 33 will pass into the delivery chamber 34 and will be retained therein by reason of the fact that chamber 34 is closed to the cylinder 18 by valve portion 350. Subsequent to this step in the operation, that is, the establishment of communication between chamber 33 and 34, and prior to the final arrest of forward movement of the valve communication between chambers 33 and 34 will be cut ofl as will be seen by reference to Fig. 2. In this position then the delivery chamber will be charged with motive fluid which is retained therein until the rearward stroke of the piston 17 effects admission to the cylinder 18. Just prior to the final forward movement of the valve 35, which movement is'arrested by the closure 38 engaging its seat, communication will be established between the receiving chamber 33 and the source of supply of chamber 30 owing to the fact that the distance between the closure 38 and the adjacent end of portion 35b slightly exceeds the distance between the seat of the closure 38 and the adjacent end of the chamber 33. Thus the chamber 33 is momentarily in communication with the chamber 30 and receives a charge of the-motive fluid on the closing movement of the valve.

Now referring to Fig. 2 it will be seen that both the receiving chamber 33 and the delivery chamber 34 have a charge of motive fluid and that communication between said chambers is closed and further that communication between said chambers and the source of supply and also the cylinder 18 is closed. vThis operation and disposition of the parts insures the delivery of a definite amount of the motive fluid at each admission .or opening movement of the valve and this tary admission from the chamber 30 to the chamber 33 during the closing movement of the valve but also at the beginning of the opening movement. This feature will be clear by reference to Fig. 2 wherein it will be seen that the closure 38 will leave its seat before the portion 35h has closed the chamber 33. Thus in the normal operation the receiving chamber 33 will be charged at each closing and opening movement of the valve.

Following the operation from the position shown in Fig. 2, the actuating member engaging the valve will charge the chamber 33 and then in its continued rear-ward movement the latter will be closed and the next step will momentarily open communication between chamber 33 and 34 after which and prior to the final opening movement of the valve communication will be cut off between chamber 33 and 34 and admission established between chamber 34 and the cylinder 18. From this operation it will be clear that both chambers 33 and 34 are charged during the opening movement of the valve and desirably during the closing movement thereof and that the times at which said chambers are charged are not coincident with the admission to the cylinder 18 and it will be further noted thatsaid chambers 33 and 34 are normally closed to both the source of supply and the cylinder 18.

Wherever the applicant has used the term piston in the foregoing description suchl use of the term is not to be restricted to a reciprocating piston as the form herein before described is only one embodiment of the invention and l will now describe a form of the invention in which a rotary piston is used reference being had to Figs. 6 to 9 inclusive.

In this form of the invention the piston, which is of the rotary type, is mounted upon a shaft 61 and is provided with an enlarged peripheral portion 60 in which actuating cavities.62 are formed. A flange 60 formed on said piston is adapted to be engaged by a motive fluid retainer 66 in order to form a chamber in which said fluid is retained so that the same will act upon the cavities 62 to operate the piston. Said retainer, as shown in Fig. 6, extends throughout a portion of the circumference of the piston and is provided at its opposite ends with walls 68 which are adapted to yield to permit the passage thereunder of valve actuating members with which the piston is provided and which will be herein after described. Preferably said end walls 68 are pivotally mounted and are provided with springs so as to be normally retained in engagement with the peripheral portion 60 as shown in Fig. 6. In order to render the engagement steam or fluid tight said end walls may be provided with packing as shown. The actuating members of said piston are preferably in the form of cams and are disposed in advance of the cavities or pockets 62 with the respect to the direction of rotation indicated by the arrow 65. Said cams desirably comprise concentric portions b and eccentric portions a, t. e. concentric and eccentric with respect to the center of shaft 61. The retainer 66 is provided with a chamber 69 adapted to be connected with a source of supply of the motive fluid and is provided with means for regulating the ad'- mission of the same tothe pockets 62 which means as shown in Fig. 8 will now be described.

74 indicates a valve chest provided with a chamber 74 normally in communication with the source of supply and a combined receiving and discharging chamber 77 adapted to receive a charge of the motive fluid and discharge the same into the pockets 62, said chamber 77 being controlled bya valve 71 with res ect to the admission and discharge of said uid. Said valve 71 is provided with a closure 75 adapted to coperate with a valve seat 75 and with a double closure 76 andy 7 6LL adapted to coperate with seats 76/ and 762. Said valve 71 is also provided with conveying or carrying cavities 72 adapted to convey the charge, or a portion thereof, of the chamber 77 to the cavities or 4poclrets 62. Aspring 91 serves to normally hold the valve in the position shown in Fig. 8. A connection 92, which may extend outwardly through the chamber 69, affords means whereby .the motive fiuid may be cut ofl" when it is desired to bring the engine to a poy sition of rest. This result is obtained by drawing the valve 71 outwardly until the cavities 72 reach a position between' the chamber 77 and the lower end of the valve chest 74. If desired the chest 74 may be provided with a plug 73 as shown in Fig. 8 in which the chamber 77 is formed.

When the piston is advanced from the position shown in Fig. 6 to a point where the forward portion of the cam a is opposite the valves 71 the latter will be engaged and will be raised upwardly so as to unseat the closure 75 and permit the motive 'Huid to lpass into the chamber 77 and when the portion t of the cam reaches the valve 7l the latter will have been raised until the closure 76 engages the seat 76 at which point communication will be cut off between chamber 77 and the source of supply. In this position the cavities 72 will have entered the chamber 77 and will be filled with a charge of the motive fluid. As soon as the rear end of cam portion designated by 63, releases the valve 7 1 the springs 91 will force said valve into the position shown in Fig. 8 and the charge in the cavities 72 will be delivered into the space formed by the pocket 62 and retainer 66. When the valve 71 has reached this position admission of the motive fluid will be cut off by the closure 75 and closure 76'bl and during such forward or downward movement of the valve 7 l the chamber 77 will have received a charge.

In order to supply the requisite amount of hot air and insure an efficient expansive action of the motive fluid a pump 78 is indicated in Fig. 6 as being provided with a burner 7 9. The piston of said pump is operated through parts 81 and 80, the latter being connected at 80 with the piston. Interposed between the delivery end of the pump and the retainer 66 is a fitting 82 connected at 83 with the delivery end of the pump and at 90 with the retainer.

84 and 85 designate passages the former of which is adapted to be closed by the projection 86 of a slide valve 86 provided with ports 89. During the initial expansion of the motive fluid the valve 86 is forced toward the passage 85 until the same is closed by the projection 86 but immediately thereafter the pressure applied by the pump increases sufficiently to displace the slide so that hot air is introduced and thereby eX- pansion is increased and freezing prevented.

I claim:

l. A carbon dioxid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a piston therefor provided with a valve actuating member, a valve chest adapted to communicate with said cylinder and a source of supply of carbon dioXid, said valve chest being provided with a bore and receiving and delivery chambers communicating with said bore, and a spring controlled valve adapted to be actuated by said member and provided with receiving chamber and delivery chamber controlling portions, the arrangement being such that'a step by step feed of the motive fluid to said cylinder is effected.

' 2. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a piston therefor provided with a valve actuating member, a valve chest adapted to communicate with said cylinder and a source of supply of carbon dioXid, said chest being provided with a bore and receiving and delivery chambers comtrolled valve adapted to be actuated by said member and provided with receiving chamber and delivery chamber controlling portions, the arrangement being such that a step by step feed of the motive fluid to said cylinder is effected and that said chambers are closed to each other and to the source of supply during admission to said cylinder.

3. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a piston therefor,A

provided with a valve actuating member, a valve chest adapted to communicate with said cylinder and a source of supply of carbon dioXid, said chest being` provided with a passage and receiving and delivery chambers communicating therewith, and a spring controlledvalve for said passage, said valve being moved in one direction by said spring and in an opposite direction by said member and being provided with receiving chamber and delivery chamber controlling portions, the arrangement being such that said chambers are charged at each movement of the valve and are closed to each other and to the source of supply during admission to said cylinder.

4. Av carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a piston therefor provided with a valve actuating member, a valve chest adapted to communicate with said cylinder and a source of supply of car- 9 bon dioXid, said chest being provided with a passage and receiving and delivery chambers communicating therewith, and a spring controlled valve for said passage, said valve being moved in one direction by said spring and in an opposite direction by said member` and being provided with receiving chamber and delivery chamber controlling portions, the arrangement being such that said chambers are charged during one movement of the valve and are closed to each other and the source of supply during admission to the cylinder.

5. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a piston therefor provided with a valve actuating member, a valve chest adapted to communicate with said cylinder and a source of supply of carbon dioXid, said chest being provided with a passage and receiving and delivery chambers communicating therewith, and a spring con trolled valve for said passage, said valve being moved in one direction by said spring and in an opposite direction by said member and being provided with receiving chamber and delivery chamber controlling portions, the arrangement being such that said chambers are charged during movement of the valve in each direction.

6. A carbon dioxid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a piston therefor provided with a valve actuating member, a valve chest adapted to communicate with said cylinder and a source of supply of carmunicating with said bore, and a spring con- 5 bon dioXid, said chest being provided with a combination, a cylinder, a piston therefor, a

vice acting on said means in opposition to the passage and receiving and deliveryl chambers communicating therewith, and a spring controlled valve for said passage, said valve being moved in one dir'ection by said spring and in an opposite direction by said member and being provided with receiving chamber and delivery chamber controlling portions, the arrangement being that said chambers are closed to each other and to the source of supply during admission to said cylinder.

7. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a piston therefor, means operated by said piston for effecting a step by step feed of the carbon dioXid to said cylinder, and a device acting on said means in opposition to the action thereon by said piston.

8. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in casing, means located in said casing and engaged and operated by said Vpiston for effecting the reception and retention of a plurality of charges of carbon dioXid and successively feeding the same to-said cylinder, and a deaction thereon by said piston.

9. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a piston therefor, means for receiving and retaining a plurality of charges of carbon dioXid, mechanism associated with said means for successively feeding said charges to said cylinder, said means serving to maintain said charges -separate from the source of supply and being operated by said piston, and a device acting on said means in opposition to the action thereon by said piston.

'10. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a reservoir for the carbon dioxid secured to said cylinder, a valve chest axially disposed with respect to said reservoir and cylinder and provided with a passage and receiving and delivery chambers communicating therewith, a valve for said passage provided with receiving and delivery chamber portions controlling admission through said passage from said reservoir to said cylinder, a spring serving toforce said valve toward said cylinder, and a piston for said cylinder provided with an actuating member for moving said valve in opposition to said spring.

11. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a reservoir for the carbon dioXid, a valve chest adapted to communicate between said reservoir and cylinder, a valve for said chest, a spring normally forcing said valve toward said cylinder, a piston for said cylinder provided with a valve actuating member for forcing said valve against the opposition of said spring, a pump, a crank shaft with which said piston and pump are connected, means connected with said pump for supplying hot air thereto, and

a connection from the delivery end of said pump to said cylinder.

12. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a reservoir for the carbon dioXid, a valve chest adapted to establish communication between said reservoir and cylinder, a valve for said chest, a spring normally forcing said valve in one direction, a piston for said cylinder provided with a projection adapted to thrust said valve in opposition to said spring, a pump means for supplying said pump with hot air, a connection from the delivery end of said pump to said cylinder, and means for operating said pump in prescribed relation with respect to the operation of said piston,

13. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a reservoirfor the carbon dioXid provided with a jacket, a jacket for said cylinder, a valve chest communicating between said cylinder and reservoir, a valve for said chest, means for forcing said valve in one direction, a piston for said cylinder provided with a projection for operating said valve, a pump, means for supplying heated and dry air to said pump, connections between the delivery end of said pump and said jackets and cylinder, and means for operating said pump in prescribed relation with respect to said piston.

14. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in' combination, a cylinder, avalve chest communicating with sald cylinder and a source of supply of carbon dioXid, a valve for said chest, vmeans for forcing said valve in one direction, a piston for said cylinder adapted to engage said valve to force the same in an opposite direction, a pump, means for operating said pump in prescribed relation with respect to said piston, a connection between the delivery end of said pump and said cylinder, and means for supplying heated and dry air to said pump, said means consistingk v of a casing provided with a burner, a coil communicating with the atmosphere at one end and closed to said casing, a second casing located in said first mentioned casing with which the other end of said coil communicates, hygroscopic material for saidsecond casing, vand a connection between said second casing and the in-take end of said pump.

15. A carbon dioxid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a valve chest communicating with said cylinder and a source of supply of carbon dioXid, a valve for said chest, means for forcing said valve in one direction, a piston for said cylinder adapted to engage `said valve to force the same in an opposite direction, an exhaust valve for said cylinder, and an absorber connected with said exhaust valve and comprising a casing provided with a plurality of trays adapted to contain a carbon dioXid absorbent.

16. A carbon dioXid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a Valve chest communicating with said cylinder and a source of supply of carbon dioxid7 a valve for said chest, means for forcing said valve in one direction, a piston for said cylinder adapted to engage said Valve to force the same in an opposite direction, an exhaust Valve for said cylinder, and an absorber connected with said exhaust Valve.

17. A carbon dioxid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a Valve chest com- `municating With said cylinder and a source of' supply of carbon dioxid, a valve for said chest, a piston for said cylinder acting on said Valve, means acting on said Valve in opposition to the action thereon by said piston, an

exhaust Valve for said cylinder, vand an absorber connected With said exhaust Valve.

18. A carbon dioxid engine comprising in combination, a cylinder, a yalve chest communicating With said cylinder and a source of supply of carbon dioxid, a valve for said chest, a piston for said cylinder, an exhaust Valve for said cylinder, and an absorber connected with said exhaust Valve.

In testimony whereof I have al'lixed my signature, in presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses. v

GEORGES BROUSSEAU.

Witnesses:

C. Gr. DELAGG, LoUrs J. TRrcoT. 

